Search results for " Gini"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Extropy: Complementary Dual of Entropy
2015
This article provides a completion to theories of information based on entropy, resolving a longstanding question in its axiomatization as proposed by Shannon and pursued by Jaynes. We show that Shannon's entropy function has a complementary dual function which we call "extropy." The entropy and the extropy of a binary distribution are identical. However, the measure bifurcates into a pair of distinct measures for any quantity that is not merely an event indicator. As with entropy, the maximum extropy distribution is also the uniform distribution, and both measures are invariant with respect to permutations of their mass functions. However, they behave quite differently in their assessments…
Urban poverty: Measurement theory and evidence from American cities
2021
AbstractWe characterize axiomatically a new index of urban poverty that i) captures aspects of the incidence and distribution of poverty across neighborhoods of a city, ii) is related to the Gini index and iii) is consistent with empirical evidence that living in a high poverty neighborhood is detrimental for many dimensions of residents’ well-being. Widely adopted measures of urban poverty, such as the concentrated poverty index, may violate some of the desirable properties we outline. Furthermore, we show that changes of urban poverty within the same city are additively decomposable into the contribution of demographic, convergence, re-ranking and spatial effects. We collect new evidence …
Indicateurs sur les inégalités du capital humain
2007
07095; Cette contribution a pour objectif de construire un indicateur sur les inégalités du capital humain, calculé à partir de la combinaison de deux sous-indicateurs d'inégalités. Le premier concerne le coefficient de Gini basé sur le nombre d'années scolaires. Le second prend en compte quatre autres dimensions des inégalités.
Il potere dei numeri. I primi anni di vita dell’Istituto centrale di statistica
2018
In the early 1920s, many European countries called for the creation of new national statistical offices to coordinate statistical analysis in support of governments' action, due also to the new role taken on by the State after WWI. In Italy the reorganization and strengthening of official statistics were two objectives consistent with the centralization of powers pursued by Fascism, and it is therefore no coincidence that during the twenties the reforms of the statistical service - starting with the foundation in 1926 of the Central Institute of Statistics (Istat) - were carried out by the new government led by Benito Mussolini. This essay will use published and archival documents to explor…
SEDENTARINESS AND EDUCATION CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
2018
In Europe, the main non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and mental disorders, all together account for an estimated 86% of the deaths and 77% of the disease burden. Of the six WHO regions, Europe is the most affected by NCDs [1]. The detection and control of physiological and behavioral risk factors (BRFs) remain the essential preventive strategy to counteract not only the average population’s exposure to the main NCDs, but also socioeconomic inequalities, which are related to chronic diseases. The scope of this work is to investigate socioeconomic inequalities among the European elderly in NCDs and BRFs for NCD…
Measuring sustainable economic development through a multidimensional Gini index
2016
This paper analyses the evolution of sustainable economic development inequality in Italy as regards the efforts made by each administrative Region, as a response to the main EU policies issued by the environmental and energy sector. For this purpose a multidimensional generalization of the Gini index has been performed, taking into account two different dimensions (energy and environment), in a time frame of six years (2008-2013). The multidimensional Gini results confirm the positive effect recorded by certain EU policies in determining a reduction in the inequality levels among the Italian Regions. A counterfactual analysis further underlined the relevant role played by the energetic dim…
Developing and Comparing Indices to Evaluate Community Knowledge Building in an Educational Research Course
2022
This paper implements a novel approach to analyzing the degree of Collective Cognitive Responsibility (CCR) in a Knowledge Building community, based on socioeconomic and scientometric measures. After engaging in Knowledge Forum (KF) discussions for one semester, 36 students identified impactful ideas in their portfolios, which were then used to develop their impact scores. These scores were then transformed and plotted along the Lorenz Curve and the Gini coefficient to visualize the degree of equidistribution of recognition in the community and, by extension, the degree of collective responsibility shared by members of the community. Additionally, students were classified into member roles …
Desigualdad social y desigualdad educativa
2021
El texto muestra la correlación entre la desigualdad social (medida a partir del Índice de Gini) y la desigualdad educativa (calculada aplicando la misma metodología con los resultados de Lengua de PISA 2018 y realizando los ajustes pertinentes). The text shows the correlation between social inequality (measured from the Gini Index) and educational inequality (calculated applying the same methodology with the results of Language from PISA 2018 and making the pertinent adjustments).
Adaptació del coeficient de GINI per a la formulació d'un coeficient de desigualtat lingüística
2020
El text adapta el Coeficient de Gini per elaborar un Coeficient de Desigualtat Lingüística (CDL) i aplicar-lo al cas valencià, tenint en compte les Taxes de Competència i les Taxes d?Ús. Es desenvolupen dos models, un basat en corbes parabòliques i un altre basat en corbes exponencials per al cas de disposar d?una parella de dades (x,y). Es calculen els Coeficients de Desigualtat Lingüística en ambdós casos per a les regions sociolingüístiques valencianes. Finalment es compara el resultat amb una corba general per al cas valencià